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Several factors

What causes vitiligo?

Vitiligo does not have one single cause. Current models combine autoimmune activity, genetic susceptibility, cellular stress and local influences.

In breve

Punti essenziali

  • Multifactorial condition
  • Autoimmune mechanisms important
  • Genetic susceptibility
  • No personal fault
01

Immune and cellular processes

Immune cells can target melanocytes while oxidative stress affects their ability to cope with cellular damage. These mechanisms interact rather than operating as one simple chain.

02

Triggers are not the whole cause

Friction, injury or severe sunburn can precede patches in some people, but they do not explain the entire condition and should never be used to blame the person affected.

Base editoriale

Editorial basis: current AWMF S2k guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo, register 013-093, version 2.0 dated 27 July 2026. Reviewed on 2 September 2026.

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